A framework for computational epidemiology / 军事医学

Computational epidemiology is a fast-developing and interdisciplinary research area .Through comprehensive computation-analysis of multi-uncertain factors affecting the epidemic process , this method may add to our knowledge about epidemic patterns and help design reasonable response plans and emergency strategies .This article briefly summarizes the idea and theory of computational epidemiology based on related researches in the recent years , introduces the application of this method in case of smallpox bioterrorism and influenza pandemic , and predicts the development of this area .

The importance of strengthening biosecurity strategic research and development for building an integrated biodefense system / 军事医学

The biological threat is an important component of national security threats .Developed countries attach great importance to biodefense capability building .This paper analyzed the particularity of biological threats , explained the necessi-ty of biosecurity strategic research and development in China , and proposed establishing an integrated biodefense system .

Comparison and analysis of foreign biological agent category lists / 军事医学

Classification of biological agents is a basic work in biodefense capability building that can help set priorities of biodefense .In this study , we compared and analyzed the Biological Agent Category Lists and the defining criteria used by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) of the United States, the European Union and Russia .We also compared with biological agent category lists for other purposes .

Problems facing biosecurity capability building in China / 军事医学

Biosecurity is an important component of national security and an important guarantee for national revival and the realization of China's dream.However China is facing increasingly serious biological threats .Biosecurity capability build-ing has some problem .For exanyple ,people have a vague idea about the relationship between different biological threats ,the duties and rights of civil-military integration development , the balance between sustainable development and emergency pre-vention and control capacity-building, multidisciplinary convergence of biosecurity capacity-building, and about ways to break down the technological blockade and market monopoly by the United States and other developed countries .

Focus on capability building and accelerate the development of biosecurity technology in China / 军事医学

Biosecurity is defined as effectively responding to biological damage associated with various destructive fac -tors and threats ,maintaining and protecting national interests ,security and public health in the era of globalization .This pa-per analyzes the overall situation of biosecurity capability building since the SARS outbreak in 2003 before concluding that remarkable progress has been made in China , but the gap remains great compared with the need of national security envi -ronment and the capacity building of developed countries .This paper outlines four considcrations regarding the development of biosecurity research strategic planning and offer eight tips on strengthening research on biosecurity technology in China .

Technological response measures against subway bioterrorism in the United States:investigation and analysis / 军事医学

Due to the large population and relatively closed space environment , the subway system is vulnerable to bioterrorist attacks.This paper analyzes the technological response measures against subway bioterrorism in the United States, including Detect to Protect program of Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and PROTECTS program of Depart-ment of Energy ( DOE) .We also put forward some proposals on how to improve China′s capability of prevention of and response to subway bioterrorism .

Biosecurity is a living-project essential to national strategies / 军事医学

Based on situation assessment of the core areas of biosecurity , this paper summarizes three typical features of biosecurity that make it different from traditional safety , abd proposes that biosecurity be regarded as a living-project of a country .A mature and powerful country has to possess sufficient capacity to ensure biosecurity .This study also analyzes the national biosecurity strategyies and practices of the United States ,which has established a national-level capacity building strategy and roadmap with clear objectives ,specified the responsibilities of each federal agency , and regulations linked up with strategic planning .Biosecurity in China is at the crossroads where crisis coexists with opportunity , making it urgent to establish the national biosecurity strategy .

Expression, purification, and bio-activity analysis of fusion protein HBx-EGFP-TLM / 生物工程学报

Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has various functions and plays a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, due to different transfection efficiency levels and experimental approaches, it is difficult to correlate the exact functions of HBx to HBV-associated HCC. In this study, we constructed two prokaryotic expression vectors, pGEX-HBx-EGFP-TLM and pGEX-EGFP-TLM, which expressed HBx-EGFP-TLM and EGFP-TLM fusion proteins respectively. Both vectors contained a coding sequence of TLM transduction motif derived from the PreS2-domain of Hepatitis B Virus surface antigens. In addition, EGFP was expressed as a reporter reflecting the transduction efficiency of TLM. The fusion protein HBx-EGFP-TLM or EGFP-TLM purified from Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by AKTA Purifier system was incubated with AML12 and SMMC-7721 cells. Both Western blotting and laser confocal results indicated that the translocation motif TLM could lead HBx-EGFP and EGFP into the cytoplasm. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay revealed that the activity of mEZH2 promoter could be up-regulated by the recombinant HBx. In conclusion, we expressed a cell-permeable HBx, which could provide a new method to study the functions of HBx.

Antinociception of omega-conotoxin ω-SO3 in rat formalin test after acute or chronic intrathecal administration / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the antinociception of ω-SO3,a novel Omega-superfamily conotoxin,in rat formalin test.Methods Potency and duration of ω-SO3 antinociception compared with morphine were investigated in rat formalin test after acute intrathecal administration.Development of tolerance or cross tolerance to analgesia of ω-SO3 and morphine was tested in formalin test after chronic intrathecal administration.Locomotor activity of rat after acute intrathecal administration was tested to evaluate possible central side effects.Results In rat formalin test after intrathecal bolus injection,ω-SO3 produced dose-and time-dependent antinociception by suppressing acute(ED_(50),1.79 ng·g~(-1))and tonic phases(ED_(50),0.41 ng·g~(-1)),which was approximately 10-fold potency and twice longer-acting of morphine in blocking tonic phase responses.After repeated intrathecal injections twice daily for 5 consecutive days,ω-SO3 produced analgesia without loss of potency whereas morphine produced analgesia tolerance in rat formalin test;further,ω-SO3 still produced potent analgesia in morphine-tolerant rats.No changes in motor function were seen in rats receiving above antinociceptive doses.Conclusion sNovel ω-SO3 produces potent and long-acting spinal antinociception without observable motor dysfunction and after chronic intrathecal administration.ω-SO3 produces neither tolerance nor cross-tolerance to morphine analgesia.

Analysis of PARP10 tissue expression profile, interactive protein and UV stress reaction / 生物工程学报

One pair of primers were designed and synthesized based on the cDNA sequence encoding Homo sapiens poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 10 (PARP10) reported on the GenBank. The cDNA sequence encoding PARP10 was cloned from 293FT cell by RT-PCR. Then the RT-PCR product was cloned into pCMV-Myc and pEGFP-C1 plasmids. The interaction between PARP10 and beta-actin was identified through immuno-precipitation and laser confocal microscopy. Extensive expression of PARP10 in mouse tissues was confirmed by RT-PCR. Besides, Western blotting analysis indicated that cell injury caused by UV treatment could promote the expression of PARP10. The results in this paper would benefit further study of PARP10.

Generation of mouse UBE2W antibody and analysis of UBE2W expression in mouse tissues / 生物工程学报

Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme functions as the second enzyme required for protein ubiquitination and plays an important role in ubiquitin transferring and substrate specific recognition. UBE2W, a newly described member of E2 family, was formerly reported probably involving in phototransduction or retinal degeneration in Drosophila. In this study, we report that murine UBE2W harbors a typical UBC domain and is highly conserved in different vertebrate homologues. GST-tagged UBE2W was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified with GST affinity chromatography. Using this antigen, we generated and further separated rabbit polyclonal antibody of UBE2W, of which the activity and specificity were confirmed by immunoblotting of transiently expressed myc-UBE2W fusion protein. Wide expression of UBE2W was found in brain, muscle, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney and testis of mouse with the generated antibody, indicating the functional importance of this novel protein. Furthermore, the UBE2W highly expression was confined to the adult testis and was developmental stage-specific.

Effect of influenza virus NS1 protein on host cell / 生物工程学报

NS1 is a non-structural protein of the influenza A virus, which could only be expressed when cells are infected. The effect of NS1 protein on host cell is still not clear. To understand the role of NS1 protein in cell infection, recombinant plasmid pCMV-myc-NS1 was constructed, and then transfected into A549 cells. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was employed to analyze proteins regulated by NS1 that could reflect the interaction between influenza virus and host cells at the protein level. The influence of NS1 on cell proliferation and cell cycle was also studied. The result showed that not only could NS1 remarkably affect metabolism, but it could also slow down cell proliferation through blocking cell cycle.

Selecting functional siRNA target sites of hUBE2W based on H1-U6 dual promoter RNAi plasmid / 生物工程学报

hUBEW, a newly identified class I ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, probably plays an important role in tumorigenesis and DNA repair processes. RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in cells to degrade specific homologous mRNA by forming duplex RNA and has been developed into a powerful tool to study gene functions. In this study, the H1-U6 dual promoter RNAi plasmid was constructed and the target sequence for hUbe2w could be transcribed from both strands and form a double stranded RNA with two 5'Uridine overhangs, which closely resembles endogenous functional siRNA. The hUbe2w cDNA was amplified from reverse transcription of the 293FT total RNA by RT-PCR, and then cloned into the pGL3-Control, pCMV-myc and pDsRed-express-C1 plasmids respectively, which were selected as report vectors to detect the RNAi effects. The plasmids were co-transfected into HEK293FT cells, and then the luciferase activity and hUBE2W protein expression were measured respectively. The Resulted reduction of mRNA and protein level demonstrate that the targets of 125 and 259 could significantly inhibit the hUbe2w expression.

Analgesic effect of intrathecal SO3 on rats with chronic constriction injury and its regulation of intracellular calcium ion concentration of spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the effect of intrathecal administration of ?-conopeptide SO3,an neotype N-type calcium channel blocker,on pain related behaviors and changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration of the DRG neurons in a rat model of chronic constriction injury(CCI).Methods 40 male SD rats weighing 230~270 g were randomly divided into five groups of 8 animals each.Rats in the N group served as unoperated controls;in group C the rats were placed four loose ligatures around the right sciatic nerve;in group CN 20?l normal Saline was administered 14 days after operation;in group CS1 SO3 600 ng was administered the same time as group CN;in group CS7 SO3(30 ng?h~(-1)) was chronically administered for 7 days from the 7th day post-operation.Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were tested by measuring paw withdrawal latency(PWL) in response to thermal stimulation and by von-Frey filaments.The animals were decapitated on time.The DRGs(L_4-L_6) were homogenized into single cells and intracellular calcium ion concentration([Ca~(2+)]_i) was measured by flow cytometry.Results The CCI procedure leads to the development of spontaneous pain,heat hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in the hind foot innervated by the injured nerve.Intrathecal of SO3 produced significant antinociceptive effects on both thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia.In CCI rats,significant increases were observed in [Ca~(2+)]_i on the contralateral side and ipsilateral side of DRGs on day 14 after operation.I.t NS did not show any difference in [Ca~(2+)]_i to those in group C.The treatment with i.t SO3 600 ng suppressed the increases in [Ca~(2+)]_i of bilateral side of DRGs.Chronically administration of SO3 suppressed the increases in [Ca~(2+)]_i of bilateral side of DRGs further.Conclusion Selective N-type VSCC blockers are potent and efficacious antinociceptive agents when they are administered by the spinal route,and they are effective in a rat model of neuropathic pain.The antinociceptive effect provided by intrathecal SO3 is associated with N-type calcium channel,which suppresses the increases in [Ca~(2+)]_i in the DRGs.

Comparative and evolutionary genomics of Yersinia pestis / 解放军医学杂志

Yersinia pestis is the pathogen of plague which has caused three pandemics in human history. Understanding the evolution of Y. pestis in different plague foci from the genomic point of view is of deep significance in improving detection, identification, prevention and treatment of plague. The results of the study of genomic evolution of Y.pestis and their practical implications are discussed in this paper. [HS(1*2/3]